Dispersants in engine oil
Time：
2025-11-05
Dispersants in engine oil
The development of ashless dispersants is inseparable from the dedicated development of modern automobiles. In the 1950s, the increase in the number of cars in Europe and America led to urban traffic congestion and severe environmental pollution. To reduce environmental pollution, governments equipped all cars with PCV systems to improve exhaust emissions. While this reduced pollution, it resulted in acidic substances from fuel combustion not being emitted and entering the crankcase, contaminating the lubricating oil and increasing sludge and other impurities. Furthermore, due to urban congestion, most cars drive at low speeds, leading to incomplete fuel combustion, which further exacerbates the accumulation of sludge and other impurities, significantly affecting crankcase lubrication over time.
Previously, metal salt detergents (such as calcium petroleum sulfonate and magnesium petroleum sulfonate) could neutralize acidic impurities. However, for sludge and other impurities caused by the aforementioned reasons, metal salt detergents were almost ineffective. Therefore, polymeric high-molecular-weight dispersants were developed and designed, meeting the requirements of high-temperature detergency and low-temperature sludge dispersibility for internal combustion engine oils. Currently, the mainstream type is polyisobutylene succinimide.
In modern gasoline engine oils, dispersants are typically added at 1-5%. Their main function is to control sludge in the engine. Besides gasoline engine oils, railway locomotive engine oils also require high alkalinity and good dispersibility, and therefore dispersants should also be added.
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