Detergent additives
Time：
2025-11-06
Whan are the detergent additives?
Detergent additives are the lubricant additive that clean and keep engine parts clean. They are important additives in internal combustion engine oils and one of the five major additives in modern lubricants (detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, extreme pressure anti-wear additives, and viscosity index improvers).
Detergent additives
Detergent additives can inhibit the oxidation and deterioration of lubricating oil under high-temperature conditions or reduce the formation of high-temperature deposits on the piston ring surface, keeping the engine interior (combustion chamber and crankcase) clean and extending the service life of the lubricating oil.
Detergent additives are generally classified according to their organic acid functional groups, and can be divided into sulfonates, salicylates, phenolates, and naphthenates. Sulfonates, salicylates, and phenolates are all alkyl aryl groups, mainly alkylbenzenes, such as commonly used alkylbenzene calcium sulfonate, alkyl salicylate calcium, and sulfide alkylphenol calcium.
In addition, the total base number (TBN) of detergents is also an important data. TBN indicates the detergent's ability to neutralize acids; TBN 300 is considered high base number, and TBN 400 is considered super-high base number.
Preparation process of detergent
Formation of normal salts: Organic acids react with metal oxides in the presence of water or a accelerator to form organic acid normal salts.
Overalkalinization (also known as carbonation): This involves reacting excess metal oxides with carbon dioxide to obtain overalkaline organic acid salts.
Separation and purification: The solvent is evaporated and the mixture is centrifuged to remove impurities by filtration.
In lubricating oils, detergents are rarely used alone; they are usually used in combination with other detergents, dispersants (polyisobutylene succinimide), antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors (ZDDP), and antioxidants.
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