Polyisobutylene succinimide
Time：
2025-11-09
What is polyisobutylene succinimide?
Polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) is an ashless dispersant (surfactant) used in lubricants. It is a surfactant with a relatively large molecular weight, and its molecular structure generally consists of a lipophilic group (hydrocarbon group), a polar group, and a linker group. It has strong solubilizing properties and excellent dispersing and solubilizing effects on impurities, such as carbon deposits and sludge, ensuring good low-temperature performance and effectively solving the problem of low-temperature sludge in auto engine oils.
Simultaneously, PIBSI dispersant improves the dispersion and solubilization of high-temperature oxidation products in lubricating oils, extending oil change intervals and increasing the service life of lubricating oils.
Polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) dispersant exhibits a synergistic effect with detergents (TBN Booster).
Mechanism of action of dispersants
- Dispersion effect: The oil-soluble groups (hydrocarbon groups) of the dispersant can adsorb onto the surface of particles with a particle size in the range of 2-100 nm to form a colloid and stably disperse it in the oil, effectively preventing aggregation.
- Solubilizing effect: Dispersants are surfactants, so they can interact with oil-insoluble polar liquid substances (such as soot or resins), dispersing them in the oil. This includes not only these polar substances but also engine oxidation products (such as sludge and carbon deposits, which can clog oil filters and affect the normal operation of the oil pump). Dispersants can directly dissolve these polar substances and disperse them in the oil.
Types of polyisobutylene succinimide
The preparation process of polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) generally involves hydrocarbonation, amination, and separation.
- Hydrocarbonation refers to the direct thermal addition of highly reactive polyisobutylene with maleic anhydride to produce polyisobutylene maleic anhydride (PIBSA).
- Amination involves reacting polyisobutylene maleic anhydride with polyethylene polyamines; by controlling the ratio of the two, three types of polyisobutylene mono-succinimide, polyisobutylene bis-succinimide, and polyisobutylene poly-succinimide can be obtained, as shown below.
- Finally, after separating the impurities from the reaction, the polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant is obtained.
The performance of different types of dispersants
The dispersibility of polyisobutylene succinimide increases with increasing relative molecular mass, and its viscosity also increases accordingly. Tests show that at a relative molecular mass of 1000, its relative dispersibility is 0.17 and its kinematic viscosity is approximately 35; at a relative molecular mass of 2000, its dispersibility is 0.65 and its kinematic viscosity is approximately 135.
Generally, polyisobutylene mono-succinimide has a relative molecular mass of 1300, while polyisobutylene bis-succinimide and poly-succinimide have a relative molecular mass of 1000. There are also high molecular weight dispersants with a relative molecular mass of 2300, which offer better high-temperature detergency and sludge dispersibility, making them more suitable for high-grade internal combustion engine oils.
| Molecular | Nitrogen content | Dispersity | Increase in viscosity |
| 1000 | 1.2 | Poor | Big |
| 1000 | 2.2 | Good | Small |
| 1300 | 1.1 | Poor | Big |
| 1300 | 3.3 | Great | Little |
| 2300 | 1.2 | Good | Small |
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